Search results for "Black People"
showing 10 items of 16 documents
The torso integration hypothesis revisited in Homo sapiens: Contributions to the understanding of hominin body shape evolution.
2018
Objectives: Lower thoracic widths and curvatures track upper pelvic widths and iliac blades curvatures in hominins and other primates (torso integration hypothesis). However, recent studies suggest that sexual dimorphism could challenge this assumption in Homo sapiens. We test the torso integration hypothesis in two modern human populations, both considering and excluding the effect of sexual dimorphism. We further assess covariation patterns between different thoracic and pelvic levels, and we explore the allometric effects on torso shape variation. Material and Methods: A sex-balanced sample of 50 anatomically connected torsos (25 Mediterraneans, 25 Sub-Saharan Africans) was segmented fro…
Secular trends in Dietary Inflammatory Index among adults in the United States, 1999-2014.
2018
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate secular trends in Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) scores in the United States between 1999 and 2014. Methods: Data from adults over 19 years from the 1999 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 39,191) were used. DII scores, at each 2-year cycle, were evaluated from a 24-h recall, including 26 food parameters for DII calculation. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Results: For the entire sample, there was a quadratic trend (Ptrend < 0.001), with the DII scores peaking in 2003–2004, and then decreasing during the cycles from 2005 to 2014. Similar quadratic trends (Ptrend < 0.001) were observed by age, gender, …
Ethnic differences in serum lipoproteins and their determinants in South African women.
2010
The objective of the study was to characterize ethnic differences in lipid levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size and subclasses in black and white South African women and to explore the associations with insulin sensitivity (S(I)), body composition, and lifestyle factors. Fasting serum lipids and LDL size and subclasses, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and S(I) (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) were measured in normal-weight (body mass index25 kg/m(2)) black (n = 15) and white (n = 15), and obese (body mass index30 kg/m(2)) black (n = 13) and white (n = 13) women. Normal-weight and obese black women had lower triglycerides (0.59 +/…
MDM2 and CDKN1A gene polymorphisms and risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in African and Caucasian patients
2010
A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter (SNP309; rs2279744) causes elevated transcription of this major negative regulator of p53 in several cancer types. We investigated MDM2 SNP309 and CDKN1A (p21/Waf1/Cip1) codon 31 (rs1801270) polymorphisms in 86 cases of cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) from African and Caucasian patients, and 210 healthy controls. A significant increase of the MDM2 SNP309 T/G genotype was observed among classic KS cases (odds ratio 2.38, 95% confidence interval 1.0-5.5). Frequencies of CDKN1A codon 31 genotypes were not significantly different between cases and controls. The results suggest that the MDM2 SNP309 G allele may act as a susceptibility gene fo…
Studies on the Australia antigen
1972
Australia antigen typings on leprosy and control samples from West Bengal (India) and Angola (Africa) showed a considerably higher incidence of this antigen in lepromatous lepers as compared with other types of this disease resp. controls. By this the findings of Blumberg et al. (1967) in the Philippines could be confirmed. The possible reasons for this observations are discussed.
Associations between leprosy and serum protein groups
1970
Serum protein group typings were done on a sample of n=173 adult healthy Negroes from the Macua tribe in Mozambique and on n=129 leprous individuals from the same tribe. Unfortunately, the type of leprosy is not known. Whilst between leprosy and haptoglobins, transferrins and Pi proteins no associations could be observed, statistically significant associations between leprosy and ceruloplasmin resp. β2 I were found. It is pointed out that these associations should be confirmed by further research on other populations and with respect to type and process of leprosy, until biological and population genetical interpretations will be possible.
3D geometric morphometric analysis of variation in the human lumbar spine
2019
[Objectives]: The shape of the human lumbar spine is considered to be a consequence of erect posture. In addition, several other factors such as sexual dimorphism and variation in genetic backgrounds also influence lumbar vertebral morphology. Here we use 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) to analyze the 3D morphology of the lumbar spine in different human populations, exploring those potential causes of variation.
Further studies on associations between leprosy and genetic markers in human serum.
1973
Seven serum proteins were typed on a sample of 910 individuals from Angola, Africa. The sample consisted of both leprosy patients and healthy controls from the same geographical area. Significant associations with leprosy were found for the Hp and Pi systems. The results are discussed.
On the population genetics of the ceruloplasmin polymorphism
1972
The frequencies of Cp-variants in 3 European, 1 Asiatic and 3 African populations are reported. The most striking fact is the high incidence of the CpA-allele not only in the African but also in 2 European samples.
Genetic signature consistent with selection against the CYP3A4*1B allele in non-African populations.
2005
Cytochrome P450 3A enzymes (CYP3A) play a major role in the metabolism of steroid hormones, drugs and other chemicals, including many carcinogens. The individually variable CYP3A expression, which remains mostly unexplained, has been suggested to affect clinical phenotypes. We investigated the CYP3A locus in five ethnic groups. The degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) differed among ethnic groups, but the most common alleles of the conserved LD regions were remarkably similar. Non-African haplotypes are few; for example, only four haplotypes account for 80% of common European Caucasian alleles. Large LD blocks of high frequencies were suggestive of selection. Accordingly, European Caucasia…